Nature Plants发表国家自然科学基金项目研究成果
花器官的排列一般有轮状和螺旋状两种方式。在轮状排列时,花器官的数目在种内基本固定;但在螺旋状排列时,花器官的数目往往不固定,表现出种内甚至个体内的变异,说明花的基本结构具有可塑性。导致花器官数目和花基本结构不固定的原因和机制尚不清楚。中国科学院植物研究所孔宏智研究组以毛茛科大马士革黑种草(Nigella damascena)为研究材料,对这一问题进行了探讨。
研究人员发现,在大马士革黑种草的花中,花器官的总数在个体间和个体内均表现出很大差异;各类花器官的数目都不固定,其中雄蕊数目的变异最大,是决定花基本结构的主要因素。进一步研究发现,一朵花中花器官的总数主要由花原基的初始大小决定,而各类花器官的数目由相应花器官身份决定程序的功能范围决定。通过研究各类花器官身份基因的表达模式和功能,研究人员揭示了各类花器官的身份决定程序及其功能范围不固定的原因:各个花器官在花原基上由外向内依次发生,外部器官长得很大时内部器官尚未发生;大多数花器官身份基因的表达是高度动态的,表达的范围和剂量在不同的发育阶段有所不同;不同类型的花器官对同一基因表达量的需求不同,表达量的少许改变就足以改变器官的身份;各类花器官身份基因之间存在复杂的调控关系,一个基因的表达变化往往能够引起连锁反应;部分花器官身份基因还能够影响不同类型花器官之间的界限。
上述结果表明,花器官身份决定程序是高度动态和可塑的,而且这种可塑性在螺旋状花中表现得尤为明显;花从螺旋状向轮状的转变,则可能与这种可塑性的降低有关。该研究结果对于理解花基本结构的可塑性和进化的分子机制具有重要意义。
该研究于12月8日在线发表在Nature plants 期刊上。孔宏智研究组博士生王培培、廖虹和博士毕业生张文根为该文的并列第一作者。该研究得到了国家自然科学基金和中科院创新交叉团队项目的资助。
大马士革黑种草花发育MADS-box基因沉默之后的表型及各类花器官的数目
原文摘要:
Flexibility in the structure of spiral flowers and its underlying mechanisms
Spiral flowers usually bear a variable number of organs, suggestive of the flexibility in structure. The mechanisms underlying the flexibility, however, remain unclear. Here we show that in Nigella damascena, a species with spiral flowers, different types of floral organs show different ranges of variation in number. We also show that the total number of organs per flower is largely dependent on the initial size of the floral meristem, whereas the respective numbers of different types of floral organs are determined by the functional domains of corresponding genetic programmes. By conducting extensive expression and functional studies, we further elucidate the genetic programmes that specify the identities of different types of floral organs. Notably, the AGL6-lineage member NdAGL6, rather than the Ap1-lineage members NdFL1/2, is an A-function gene, whereas petaloidy of sepals is not controlled by Ap3- or pI-lineage members. Moreover, owing to the formation of a regulatory network, some floral organ identity genes also regulate the boundaries between different types of floral organs. On the basis of these results, we propose that the floral organ identity determination programme is highly dynamic and shows considerable flexibility. Transitions from spiral to whorled flowers, therefore, may be explained by evolution of the mechanisms that reduce the flexibility.